Antoine Philippe de Marigny de Mandeville (17 July 1721 – 6 November 1779),

Chevalier de St. Louis The Royal and Military Order of Saint Louis (french: Ordre Royal et Militaire de Saint-Louis) is a dynastic order, dynastic order of chivalry founded 5 April 1693 by King Louis XIV of France, Louis XIV, named after Louis IX of France, Saint Lou ...

, was a French

geographer A geographer is a physical scientist, social scientist or humanist whose area of study is geography, the study of Earth's natural environment and human society, including how society and nature interacts. The Greek prefix "geo" means "earth" a ...

and explorer. Born in

Mobile Mobile may refer to: Places * Mobile, Alabama, a U.S. port city * Mobile County, Alabama * Mobile, Arizona, a small town near Phoenix, U.S. * Mobile, Newfoundland and Labrador Arts, entertainment, and media Music Groups and labels * Mobile ( ...

in 1722, he was part of the Creole

elite In political and sociological theory, the elite (french: élite, from la, eligere, to select or to sort out) are a small group of powerful people who hold a disproportionate amount of wealth, privilege, political power, or skill in a group. D ...

French Louisiana The term French Louisiana refers to two distinct regions: * first, to Louisiana (New France), colonial French Louisiana, comprising the massive, middle section of North America claimed by Early Modern France, France during the 17th and 18th centu ...

Biography

Antoine Philippe de Marigny was born in

in 1721, among the earliest French colonists born there. His parents were François Philippe de Marigny de Mandeville, a native of

Bayeux Bayeux () is a Communes of France, commune in the Calvados (department), Calvados Departments of France, department in Normandy (administrative region), Normandy in northwestern France. Bayeux is the home of the Bayeux Tapestry, which depicts ...

who migrated to

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...

in 1709 and then to Louisiana by 1714; and Madeleine le Maire. Considered a Creole because of his birth in La Louisiane, de Marigny belonged to a family that was part of the minor provincial

nobility Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy (class), aristocracy. It is normally ranked immediately below Royal family, royalty. Nobility has often been an Estates of the realm, estate of the realm with many e ...

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

. Their paternal ancestor Pierre Philippe de Marigny de Mandeville was ennobled in 1654. After her husband's death, the widow Madeleine de Marigny married the colony's royal engineer,

Ignace François Broutin Ignace François Broutin (La Bassée, 1690–1751) was a French Chevalier of the Order of St. Louis military officer, commander of Fort Rosalie among the Natchez people, and later an architect and Captain of Engineers of the King in the Pr ...

. In 1748, Antoine de Marigny married Françoise de Lisle, thought to be the daughter of

Guillaume Delisle Guillaume Delisle, also spelled Guillaume de l'Isle, (; 28 February 1675, Paris – 25 January 1726, Paris) was a French cartographer known for his popular and accurate maps of Europe and the newly explored Americas. Childhood and education Desli ...

. They had two children: Pierre Enguerrand de Marigny and Madeleine Philippe de Marigny. He is thought to have had at least two

mixed-race Mixed race people are people of more than one race or ethnicity. A variety of terms have been used both historically and presently for mixed race people in a variety of contexts, including ''multiethnic'', ''polyethnic'', occasionally ''bi-ethn ...

children by one of his

slaves Slavery and enslavement are both the state and the condition of being a slave—someone forbidden to quit one's service for an enslaver, and who is treated by the enslaver as property. Slavery typically involves slaves being made to perf ...

, a Native American woman. Like his (probable) father-in-law Guillaume de Lisle, Geographer to the

King King is the title given to a male monarch in a variety of contexts. The female equivalent is queen, which title is also given to the consort of a king. *In the context of prehistory, antiquity and contemporary indigenous peoples, the tit ...

, Antoine became an accomplished

cartographer Cartography (; from grc, χάρτης , "papyrus, sheet of paper, map"; and , "write") is the study and practice of making and using maps. Combining science, aesthetics and technique, cartography builds on the premise that reality (or an im ...

. An explorer, he made a detailed map of Louisiana in 1763.Marc de Villiers du Terrage, ''Les dernières années de la Louisiane française'' (1904), p. 341- Quote: "Antoine-Philippe de Marigny de Mandeville, ne à la Mobile en 1722. mourut à la Nouvelle-Orléans en 1779. Habile géographe et entreprenant explorateur, il dressa une très jolie carte de la Louisiane en 1763 qui se trouve conservée au Dépôt des cartes de la marine. On lui doit l'exploration de la côte S.-O. de la Louisiane; c'était un homme aimable." During the tumultuous administration of governor Kerlerec in the colony, de Marigny took the side of the Commissary-Commissioner,

Vincent de Rochemore Vincent Gaspard Pierre de Rochemore (c. 1726–1763) was a French nobleman from Languedoc who entered the military as a career. In the mid-18th century, he was appointed as a colonial official in French Louisiana, where he served as the Commiss ...

. Kerlerec had both men arrested and sent back to France (along with the Royal Colonial Treasurer

Jean Baptiste d'Estrehan Jean-Baptiste d'Estrehan de Beaupré (surname often written as Destrehan; died 26 February 1765, New Orleans, Louisiana) was a high-ranking French official in colonial Louisiana and the founder of the Destrehan family there. A native of France, he ...

, with whom he had also clashed). In France, the men continued their dispute with Kerlerec and were imprisoned in the

Bastille The Bastille (, ) was a fortress in Paris, known formally as the Bastille Saint-Antoine. It played an important role in the internal conflicts of France and for most of its history was used as a state prison by the kings of France. It was sto ...

for a short time. They were eventually proved right, and the government removed Kerlerec from office and sentenced him to exile. De Marigny returned to

New Orleans New Orleans ( , ,New Orleans
Merriam-Webster. ; french: La Nouvelle-Orléans , es, Nuev ...

, where he died in 1779. He was interred at the St. Louis Cathedral.Chambon, Celestin N
''In and Around the Old St. Louis Cathedral of New Orleans''
p. 89 Antoine's son, Pierre Enguerrand de Marigny (also known as Pierre ''Philippe'' de Marigny de Mandeville), married Jeanne Marie d'Estrehan, daughter of

. They were the parents of

Bernard de Marigny Jean-Bernard Xavier Philippe de Marigny de Mandeville (1785–1868), known as Bernard de Marigny, was a French- Creole American nobleman, playboy, planter, politician, duelist, writer, horse breeder, land developer, and President of the Louisia ...

, who became prominent in the city. The well-known neighborhood,

Faubourg Marigny The Faubourg Marigny ( ; sometimes called The Marigny) is a neighborhood of the city of New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. Its boundaries, as defined by the City Planning Commission, are North Rampart Street and St. Claude Avenue to the n ...

, was named for him.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Marigny, Antoine Philippe de 1721 births 1779 deaths French explorers People from Mobile, Alabama People of Louisiana (New France) De Marigny family